An Investigation of Nurses' Preparedness for Mass Casualty Incidents in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Anambra
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Background of the Study
Mass casualty incidents (MCIs), including natural disasters, road traffic accidents, and terrorist attacks, pose significant challenges to healthcare systems. Effective response to such emergencies requires well-trained healthcare professionals with the necessary knowledge and skills to manage large-scale medical emergencies efficiently (WHO, 2024). Nurses, being primary caregivers, play a pivotal role in triaging, stabilizing, and managing victims during mass casualty events.
Despite the critical role of nurses in MCIs, studies suggest that many healthcare professionals lack adequate training and preparedness for handling large-scale emergencies (Eze et al., 2023). Factors such as insufficient disaster training, inadequate hospital preparedness, and limited access to emergency response resources contribute to suboptimal MCI management (Okafor et al., 2023). This study evaluates nurses’ preparedness for mass casualty incidents in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Anambra.
Statement of the Problem
Nigeria has experienced multiple mass casualty events, including road accidents, building collapses, and violent conflicts, leading to overwhelming hospital admissions (Adebayo & Onah, 2023). However, reports indicate that many hospitals, including teaching hospitals, are ill-prepared to manage such emergencies, leading to avoidable deaths and complications.
In Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, there is limited empirical data on nurses' level of preparedness for MCIs. This study investigates whether nurses have received adequate training in disaster response, their level of confidence in handling MCIs, and the challenges they face in emergency preparedness.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess nurses' knowledge and preparedness for managing mass casualty incidents.
- To evaluate the adequacy of training and hospital policies related to MCI response.
- To identify challenges hindering nurses' effectiveness in managing mass casualty incidents.
Research Questions
- What is the level of nurses' knowledge and preparedness for handling mass casualty incidents?
- How adequate is the training and hospital support system for MCI preparedness?
- What are the major challenges preventing effective MCI response among nurses?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses' knowledge and preparedness for mass casualty incidents are not significantly high.
- Training and hospital policies for MCI preparedness are not significantly adequate.
- There are no significant challenges affecting nurses' preparedness for mass casualty incidents.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on nurses at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, particularly those working in emergency, trauma, and critical care units. Limitations may include differences in training exposure and access to emergency response simulations.
Definitions of Terms
- Mass Casualty Incident (MCI): Any event that results in a large number of casualties, overwhelming hospital resources.
- Disaster Preparedness: The state of readiness to respond effectively to emergency situations.
- Triage: The process of prioritizing patients based on the severity of their conditions in emergency situations.
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